Wednesday, September 29

Form 1 Science Chapter 5

Form 1

Science
Chapter 5
The Air Around Us

5.1 The Composition of Air
图表显示Oxygen20%。其实应是21%,1%跑去water vapour(课本没有)了.

5.2 The properties of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

Propeties of Oxygen(红色显示) and Carbon Dioxide(蓝色显示)
- colourless 无色
- colourless 无色
- odourless 无味
- odourless 无味
- slightly soluble in water 略溶于水
- Quite soluble in water 相当、略溶于水
- Not soluble in Sodium hydroxide
- Very soluble in Sodium hydroxide
- Very soluble in Alkaline pyrogallol solution
- Not soluble in Alkaline pyragallol solution
- Same density as air 和空气一样轻
- Denser than air 比空气重
- Support combustion 支持燃烧
- Not support combustion 不支持燃烧
- Glowing splinter ignites 点燃
- Glowing splinter extinguishes 扑灭
- Burning splinter burns more brightly 燃烧得更亮
- Burning splinter extinguishes 扑灭
- No changes on lime water 对酸性水没变化
- Lime water turns chalky 酸性水变模糊
- No colour change on Hydrogen carbonate indicator 没改变碳酸氢指标的颜色
- Change from red to yellow 红变黄
- pH value -- 7
- pH value -- 5.5

5.3 Oxygen is Needed for Respiration
1. 生物需要氧气来呼吸与制造能量
2. 吸入与呼出
a. Components -- -- Inhaled air -- -- Exhaled air
- Nitrogen 78% 78%
- Oxygen 21% 16%
- Carbon dioxide 0.03% 4%
- Water vapour Varies Saturated
- Inert gases 0.97% 0.97%
Colder Warmer

5.4 Oxygen is Needed for Combustion
1. 首先,火不是说要就有的,得俱全三个条件:
a. Oxygen 氧气
b. Flammable substance 可燃物
c. Heat 热能

2. 没了其中一样,就不能有火。

3. Combustion of Charcoal(木炭)
a. Charcoal 是一种carbon(碳)。
b. Charcoal 的燃烧:
Carbon+Oxygen->Heat energy+Light energy+Carbon dioxide

4. Combustion of Kerosene(煤油)
a. Kerosene是Hydrocarbon.
b. Hydrocarbon 是compound,Hydrogen+Carbon的成品
c. Kerosene的燃烧:
Hydrocarbon+Oxygen->Heat energy+Light energy+Carbon dioxide+Water vapour
d. Water vapour 可以用----来测试
a. Anhydrous copper sulphate -- 白变蓝
b. Dry cobalt chloride paper -- 蓝变粉红

5.5 Air Pollution
1. Air pollutants 在空气中,就成了air pollutions.

2. Air pollutants:
a. Smoke and soot 烟和煤烟
- 呼吸困难、减少光合作用
b. CO2 二氧化碳(如果选择只有CO2, SO2 和 NO的话,就不要选CO2)
- 温室效应
c. Dust 灰尘
- 污染环境
d. CO 一氧化碳
- 大量吸取会导致死亡
e. CFC 氟氯(fú lǜ)化碳
- 消耗臭氧层(ozone layer)
f. Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen oxide (NO) 二氧化硫, 氮(dàn)氧化物
- 酸雨、破坏呼吸系统
g. Nicotine, tobacco bar 尼古丁,烟吧
- 肺癌、支气管炎
h. Lead 铅
- 破换神经系统(变神经病???)、脑损伤
i. Chemical 化学物
- 损坏肝、食物中毒